This lecture explains IO devices and their communication with CPU/memory via buses. It highlights device registers, programmed IO, polling vs interrupts, DMA, device drivers, and how operating systems interact with hardware for IO operation.
This lecture covers CPU scheduling concepts and policies including FIFO, SJF, STCF, Round Robin, trade-offs in response time vs turnaround time, handling IO, and scheduling metrics like response and turnaround time.
This document explains how OS virtualizes the CPU using limited direct execution, managing mode switches between user/kernel, system call trapping, timer interrupts, and context switching to achieve efficient and controlled process execution.
This lecture covers how the OS runs processes, handles system calls, and performs context switches. It details privilege levels, kernel vs user stacks, trap instructions, interrupt descriptor tables, and saving/restoring context during process switches.
This lecture introduces processes as running instances of programs. It covers process life cycle management, process states, process control blocks, and system calls like fork, exec, exit, and wait. It explains process scheduling, context switching, and how the shell executes commands.