Variance analysis types covering objectives, introduction, meaning of variance and variance analysis, controllable/uncontrollable variances, classification (cost and sales variances), direct material, direct labor, overhead cost variance calculations and interpretations.
Variance analysis covering meaning and introduction to variance, controllable and uncontrollable variances, classification of variances (cost and sales), direct material cost variance (price, usage, mix, yield), direct labor cost variance (rate, efficiency, mix, yield), overhead cost variance (variable, fixed).
Standard costing fundamentals covering introduction to standard costing, meaning of standard, types of standards (basic, ideal, expected, normal), standard cost definitions, comparison with estimated cost, standard costing concept, objectives, budgeting differences, determining standard costs for material, labor, overheads.
Standard cost and standard costing covering meaning of standard, types of standards (basic, ideal, expected, normal), definitions of standard cost, difference between standard cost and estimated cost, concept of standard costing, objectives, difference from budgeting, methods of determining standard cost.
Constitution of India covering preamble, directive principles of state policy (economic principles), fundamental rights (equality, freedom, exploitation, religion, culture, constitutional remedies), fundamental duties, federal republic structure, balance between judiciary and legislative, Right to Information Act, MRTP Act, Competition Act.