Comprehensive history of India’s seed industry from pre-independence (1925 Royal Commission) through 8 Five-Year Plans, covering NSC establishment (1963), Seed Act (1966), HYVP, Tarai Development Corporation, state seed corporations, ISST formation, National Seeds Programme, and policy evolution from 1920s to 1997.
Details major fungal diseases affecting crops such as early blight, late blight, false smut, tikka disease, and red rot. Explains disease cycles, symptoms, pathogenic organisms, and control strategies, with visual diagrams to support understanding for undergraduate students.
The file reviews the ultrastructure of fungal cells, covering cell wall composition, architecture, synthesis, protoplast, nucleus, somatic division, organelles, and types of flagella. It includes detailed diagrams and highlights functions and differences among major fungal groups.
This lecture discusses the nutritional types of fungi – saprophytic, parasitic, symbiotic, and predacious. Key topics include macro and micro elements required for fungal growth, sources, essential vitamins, enzymes, metabolic pathways, and ecological roles.
The Symbiotic World of Mycorrhiza
Discusses the mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and plant roots, explaining types of mycorrhiza, the exchange of nutrients, benefits such as improved nutrient and water uptake, and the ecological importance for soil health and plant communication.