The document covers the global health impact of fungal infections, classifies various types of mycoses, details common fungal diseases affecting humans, and addresses challenges related to diagnosis and antifungal resistance.
Foundational bacteriology: bacteria study, domain Prokaryota classification, structural organization. External structures: flagella, pili, capsule, cell wall. Internal structures. Gram-positive/negative cell wall composition, peptidoglycan structure, environmental adaptations of extremophilic bacteria in diverse habitats.
Hot air oven laboratory equipment using dry heat sterilization. Principle: convection, conduction, radiation. Mechanical: cabinet, chamber, shelves, fans. Electrical: heater, thermostat, timer. Types: natural convection, forced convection, side draught. Applications: glassware, instruments, heat-resistant materials.
Gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. Morphology, virulence factors (protein A, toxins, enzymes), biochemical characteristics, hemolysis patterns, pathogenic mechanisms. Clinical manifestations: food poisoning, toxic shock, pneumonia, rheumatic fever, endocarditis.
Gram-negative cocci: primarily Neisseria species. Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea, Neisseria meningitidis causes meningitis. Virulence factors: pili, IgA protease, endotoxin, capsule. Pathogenesis mechanisms, clinical manifestations (PID, ophthalmia neonatorum), lab diagnosis.