Employees Compensation Act 1923: employer liability for employment-related injury compensation. Injury types: death, PTD, PPD, TTD, TPD, occupational diseases. Compensation: 50% wages (death), 60% (PTD). Excludes 3-day injuries, drug/alcohol influence, safety disregard.
Indian labor laws: Factories Act 1948, Maternity Benefit, Payment of Wages 1936, Minimum Wages 1948, Industrial Disputes 1947, Trade Unions 1926, Employees’ State Insurance 1948, EPF 1952. Concurrent jurisdiction between central and state governments.
Payment of Wages Act 1936 regulating wage payments across establishments. Wages definition, inclusions (awards, overtime, bonuses), exclusions (pensions, gratuities). Deductions allowed (20 types), wage period fixation (≤1 month), payment time/mode, fines (max 29%), register maintenance requirements.
Industrial disputes covering meaning and definition per Industrial Disputes Act 1947 Section 2(k), distinction between employers-workmen disputes, types of disputes (interest disputes and rights disputes), impacts on employers (production stoppage, cost increase, profit fall, compensation liability, loss of prestige, labor alienation), impacts on employees (income loss, personal injury, psychological effects, employment threat), impacts on economy (national productivity decline, resource wastage, political unrest), causes of industrial disputes (economic: wages, allowances, working conditions, leave, retrenchment; non-economic: victimization, indiscipline, violence), types of industrial actions (overt: strikes, picketing, work-to-rule, go-slow, sit-ins; covert: absenteeism, sabotage, labor turnover, exclusion from decision-making).
Industrial law case studies covering 4 short cases: Case 1 – Poisonous gas leakage, occupier liability, M.C. Mehta vs Union of India judgment on hazardous activities; Case 2 – Laboratory assistant chemical consumption, workmen’s compensation eligibility; Case 3 – Employee increment withholding, deduction from wages under Payment of Wages Act 1936; Case 4 – Tobacco leaf processing, manufacturing process definition under Factories Act 1948.