Detailed examination of trade unions in India covering definitions, features, functions (militant and fraternal), objectives, structure, negotiation and representation roles, member services, problems, and suggestions for healthy growth.
Dunlop system approach: participants (workers, management, government), environmental forces (technology, market, power). Craig framework: inputs, processes, outputs, feedback loops. System components interact within boundaries. Output: network of rules, labor policy, agreements ensuring fair worker treatment.
Industrial relations: employer-employee-union workplace interaction establishing employment terms/conditions. Processes: collective bargaining, grievance machinery, dispute settlement. Contents: pay, hours, leave, health, safety, discipline. Objectives: mutual understanding, conflict avoidance, productivity increase, industrial democracy establishment.
Industrial conflict expressing opposition between owners/managers and workers. Forms: organized (collective strikes/lockouts) and unorganized (individual absenteeism). Theories: Ross-Hartman industrialization, Marx exploitation, Dubin institutionalization, Clegg bargaining, Korpi-Shalev welfare, Hansen business cycle impacts.