Comprehensive coverage of microbial biotechnology scope across red/green/white/yellow biotechnology, applications in healthcare (antibiotics, vaccines), food (fermentation), industry (enzymes), agriculture (biofertilizers: Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter), environmental management (bioremediation), single-cell protein (SCP) production from bacteria/yeast/fungi/algae, and fermentation processes for ethanol and penicillin production including downstream processing.
Research methodology for VAM characterization including soil sampling protocols, physical/chemical analysis (pH, EC, nutrients), spore extraction via wet-sieving and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, microscopic spore counting, root infection assessment using KOH treatment and lacto-phenol staining, grid-line colonization percentage calculation, and spore size classification (30-400 μm).
