Seed production for onion (bulb-to-bulb/seed-to-seed methods, vernalization, isolation 1000m, umbel harvesting), bottle gourd (isolation 400-1000m, monoecious/dioecious types, hand pollination), ridge gourd (isolation 400m, bagging, fruit maturity indices, seed extraction 25-30 days after pollination), drying methods, and quality standards for allium and cucurbit vegetables.