Comprehensive chronological history from Leeuwenhoek (1673) through 20th century covering soil microbiology development, pioneering scientists (Winogradsky-nitrification, Beijerinck-enrichment culture, Fleming-penicillin), nitrogen fixation discovery (rhizobia, free-living Azotobacter), mycorrhiza research, soil ecology concepts, and modern soil microbiological applications in agriculture and sustainability.
