Comprehensive guide covering VAM fungi production including laboratory greenhouse pot culture methods, potting mix optimization, media disinfestation techniques (steam, fumigation), on-farm production protocols (5-step process), pest control measures, delivery methods (encapsulation, clay particles), and inoculum quality considerations for agricultural applications.
Foundational bacteriology: bacteria study, domain Prokaryota classification, structural organization. External structures: flagella, pili, capsule, cell wall. Internal structures. Gram-positive/negative cell wall composition, peptidoglycan structure, environmental adaptations of extremophilic bacteria in diverse habitats.
Gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. Morphology, virulence factors (protein A, toxins, enzymes), biochemical characteristics, hemolysis patterns, pathogenic mechanisms. Clinical manifestations: food poisoning, toxic shock, pneumonia, rheumatic fever, endocarditis.
Gram-negative cocci: primarily Neisseria species. Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea, Neisseria meningitidis causes meningitis. Virulence factors: pili, IgA protease, endotoxin, capsule. Pathogenesis mechanisms, clinical manifestations (PID, ophthalmia neonatorum), lab diagnosis.
Bacterial sources: natural (soil, water, air, plants) and human-associated (microbiota, infected humans). Transmission mechanisms: direct contact, droplet, airborne, fecal-oral, foodborne, waterborne, vector-borne, iatrogenic routes. Pathogenic potential specifics.